〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the cognition of elderly patients with chronic diseases on traditional Chinese medicine and explore the influencing factors. Methods From December 2019 to December 2020, 100 elderly patients with chronic diseases in Gaoming District People's Hospital of Foshan were included. In the form of questionnaire survey, the cognition of medicine was investigated, and the influencing factors in the survey results were analyzed. Results In the traditional Chinese medicine cognition survey, the average total score of 100 observation subjects was (2.30 ± 0.19) points; in the TCM trust survey, the average total score of 100 observation subjects was (2.24 ± 0.13) points ; According to the survey on the types of Chinese medicine services, the patients'needs for Chinese medicine services are ranked from high to low: door-to-door service (89.00%), health knowledge (85.00%), health consultation (84.00%), dietary guidance (74.00%), emotional Adjustment (60.00 %). Conclusion Elderly patients with chronic diseases in this hospital generally have insufficient awareness of Chinese medicine. Patients’ distrust of Chinese medicine, insufficient on-site service of Chinese medicine, age, education level, family environment, etc. all affect the elderly chronic disease patients’ understanding of traditional Chinese medicine. The influencing factors of the cognition situation of the patients, in the future clinical work, it is necessary to combine the medication needs of patients and the new concept of traditional Chinese medicine to promote the healthy medication of patients.