〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the relationship between the efficacy of blue light irradiation and the levels of α-glutathione S-transferase (α -GST) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK - MB) in serum of neonates with pathological jaundice. Methods A total of 92 neonates with pathological jaundice treated in Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital and No. 989 Hospital of The Joint Logistic Support Force of the People's Liberation Army from January 2019 to December 2020 were selected as research subjects. All the neonates were treated with blue light irradiation, and serum α -GST and CK-MB levels were determined before treatment. After 7 days of treatment, the incidence of ineffective treatment with blue light irradiation was analyzed, and the relationship between serum α -GST, CK-MB levels and the efficacy of blue light irradiation was analyzed. Results After blue light irradiation in 92 cases of neonates with pathological jaundice, 68 cases were effective, the effective rate was 73.91%, 24 cases were ineffective, the ineffective rate was 26.9%. The levels of α-GST and CK-MB in serum of children with ineffective treatment were higher than those of children with effective treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that serum α-GST and CK-MB levels were risk factors for the inefficacy of blue light irradiation. Conclusion Blue light irradiation is more likely to be ineffective in children. Serum α-GST and CK-MB levels are closely related to the efficacy of blue light irradiation in neonates with pathological jaundice.