〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the changes of visual quality in patients with vitreous opacity treated by Ultra Q – YAG laser vitreous ablation. Methods From December 2019 to March 2021, 25 patients (34 eyes) who underwent ultra Q-Yag laser vitreous ablation in Xiamen Kehong eye hospital underwent routine slit lamp microscopy, fundus (mydriasis), panoramic fundus photography and B-ultrasound. Intraocular pressure, whole eye and corneal aberrations under 3 mm pupil and point spread function (PSF) images were measured before and after treatment. The changes of visual quality before and after treatment were compared. Results There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure and corneal aberration under 3 mm pupil diameter before and after operation (P > 0.05). Z18 (5th order horizontal coma) and z19 (5th order vertical coma) in the whole eye with 3 mm pupil diameter were lower than those before operation, and the Strehl ratio (SR) in PSF image was higher than that before operation (P < 0.05). At 3 mm pupil diameter, the changes of Z18 (5th order horizontal coma), z19 (5th order vertical coma) and Steller ratio before and after operation were more obvious. Conclusion After laser vitreous opacification, the subjective feeling of patients with immediate dark shadow interference disappeared significantly, and the visual quality was improved compared with that before operation.