〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the value of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) in the differential diagnosis of adult central nervous system infections. Methods 80 patients with central nervous system infection treated in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected as the research objects. According to the type of infection, they were divided into group A (bacterial central nervous system infection) and group B Group (viral central nervous system infection), 40 cases in each group. In addition, 40 patients with non-central nervous system infection who need cerebrospinal fluid examination were selected as group C of this study, and the serum CRP and PCT levels of each group were compared, and the accuracy of venous blood diagnosis under different diagnostic indicators was counted. Results The levels of serum CRP and PCT in group A were higher than those in groups B and C, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); there was no significant difference in serum CRP and PCT levels between group B and group C (P > 0.05). The positive rates of serum CRP and PCT in group A were significantly higher than those in groups B and C, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); the difference between group B and group C was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion Early detection of serum CRP and PCT in patients with central nervous system infection can promptly diagnose and distinguish whether the type of central nervous system infection is viral or bacterial, and formulate a targeted treatment plan as soon as possible based on the diagnosis result.