〔Abstract〕 Objective To study the therapeutic effect of fumigation and washing with Traditional Chinese medicine after anal fistula. Methods A total of 198 patients who underwent anal fistula in The First People's Hospital of Zunyi city from June 2018 to June 2019 were selected and divided into observation group and control group according to random number table method, with 99 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional 1:5000 potassium permanganate sittbath, and the observation group was treated with traditional Chinese medicine fumigation and washing on the basis of the control group. The scores of edema before and after treatment, the time of clinical symptoms disappearing and wound healing of the two groups were compared, and the treatment efficiency of the two groups was compared. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the scores of edema between 2 groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, the edema score in both groups decreased, and the observation group was lower than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The total effective rate of observation group was 97.08 %, higher than 89.90 % of control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The clinical symptom disappear time and wound healing time of observation group were shorter than control group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine fumigation and washing treatment for patients undergoing anal fistula can effectively reduce edema, secretion, relieve pain and promote wound healing, with significant curative effect.