〔Abstract〕 Objective To analyze the effect of patients' self-assessment of thrombosis risk factors after operation to improve the treatment compliance in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis. Methods A total of 116 patients who underwent surgical treatment in Shenzhen second people's hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were randomly divided into observation group (58 cases) and control group (55 cases). The control group was given routine nursing care of thrombosis risk factors assessed by nurses, and the observation group was given risk management care that was guided and implemented by nurses and patients participated in self-assessment of risk factors, and the compliance of the two groups of patients in the implementation of preventive measures during the nursing process and the incidence of DVT after nursing was compared. Results The pre-care Caprini surface deep vein thrombosis risk assessment results of the two groups were similar at all levels and were consistent (P > 0.05); the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in the observation group was 5.2 %, which was signifi cantly lower than that of the control group (14.5 %). P < 0.05); the self-management behavior score of the observation group was signifi cantly higher than that of the control group in the three dimensions of daily life behavior management, disease medical management, and psycho-emotional management and also the total score (P < 0.05); the observation group patients completely complied with the example during patient care The number and partial compliance cases were higher than the control group, the total compliance rate was 94.8 % higher than the control group 82.8 %, the difference was statistically signifi cant (P < 0.05). Conclusion In the prevention of patients with deep vein thrombosis, the introduction of patients’ self-assessment of thrombosis risk factors has a great effect on improving patients’ compliance in treatment and reducing deep vein thrombosis, and is worthy of clinical promotion.